Received:
2022-04-18 | Accepted:
2022-05-25 | Published:
2022-06-30
Title
Security of European critical infrastructures outside the European Union: a review of the Western Balkans national laws
Abstract
From the very beginning of the 21st century, the European Union took measures to develop a common security framework for critical infrastructure protection and to harmonize measures and standards between states. European critical infrastructures should be determined from the national critical infrastructure, which implies the regulations / rules for critical infrastructure protection are an important factor in European security and national laws. The paper examines the representation and impact of the provisions of DIRECTIVE 2008/114 / EC in the specific laws for security and protection of European critical infrastructures outside the European Union. In the Western Balkans, four specific laws were adopted setting out national frameworks for the establishment of critical infrastructure protection frameworks. The results of the analysis are based on the incorporation and implementation of the suggested common European Union approach for critical infrastructure protection in the national legislations of Western Balkan countries.
Keywords
European critical infrastructures, security, national laws, Western Balkans
JEL classifications
N40
URI
http://jssidoi.org/ird/article/99
DOI
Pages
63-72
Funding
This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
References
Alexandru, A., Vevera, V., Ciuperca, E.M. (2019). National security and critical infrastructure protection. International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25(1), 8-13. http://doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0001
Search via ReFindit
Andryeyeva, N., Nikishyna, O., Burkinskyi, B., Khumarova, N., Laiko, O., Tiutiunnyk, H. (2021). Methodology of analysis of the influence of the economic policy of the state on the environment. Insights into Regional Development, 3(2), 198-212. http://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2021.3.2(3)
Search via ReFindit
Besenyo, Janos. Feher, Andras. 2020. Critical infrastructure protection (CIP) as new soft targets: Private security vs common security. Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 3(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2020.10.1(1)
Search via ReFindit
Borzel, T. A. (2016). Building Member States: how the EU promotes political change in its new members, accession candidates, and eastern neighbors. Geoolitics, History, and International Relations, (8), 76-112. http://doi.org/10.22381/GHIR8120164
Search via ReFindit
Charokopos, M. (2021). Policy Analysis - Building Networks of Change in the Western Balkans: Looking Back, Moving Forward. EUI School of Transnational Governance. URL: https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/71876/PA_2021_14_STG.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Search via ReFindit
Chehabeddine, M., Tvaronavičienė, M. (2020). Securing regional development. Insights into Regional Development, 2(1), 430-442. http://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2020.2.1(3)
Search via ReFindit
European Commission. (2004). Critical Infrastructure Protection in the fight against terrorism. Brussels.
Search via ReFindit
European Commission. (2005). Green Paper on a European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection. Brussels.
Search via ReFindit
European Commission. (2008). COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2008/114/EC on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. Brussels.
Search via ReFindit
European Commission. (2019). Evaluation of Council Directive 2008/114 of 8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. Brussels.
Search via ReFindit
Fejzullahu, A., Belegu, B. (2022). The challenges of public administration reforms in Kosovo in the context of Eurointegration process. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(1), 292-307. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2281292f
Search via ReFindit
Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance – DCAF. (2021). Western Balkan CERT Cooperation. Editors: Klaus-Peter Kossakowski, Miroslaw Maj, and Don Stikvoort. URL: https://www.dcaf.ch/sites/default/files/imce/Events/CybersecurityConference_BackgroundPaper_WesternBalkanCERT.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Keković, Z., Ninković, V. (2020). Zaštita kritične infrastrukture – sistemski pristup. Centar za analizu rizika i upravljanje krizama, Beograd.
Search via ReFindit
Lazari, A., Simoncini, M. (2016). Critical Infrastructure Protection beyond Compliance. An Analysis of National Variations in the Implementation of Directive 114/08/EC. Global Jurist, 3(16), 267-289. https://doi.org/10.1515/gj-2015-0014
Search via ReFindit
Miščević, T., Mrak, M. (2017). The EU Accession Process: Western Balkans vs EU-10. Politička misao: časopis za politologiju, 54(4), 185-204. URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/190343
Search via ReFindit
Mitrevska, M., Mileski, T. (2019). Republic of North Macedonia and Critical Infrastructure Protection. In Critical infrastructure: concept and security challenges, edited by Marina Mitrevska, Toni Mileski, and Robert Mikac, 141-157. Skopje: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. URL: https://skopje.fes.de/fileadmin/user_upload/images/critical/Critical_Infrastructure_EN_-_web.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Noutcheva, G. (2009). Fake, partial and imposed compliance: the limits of the EU's normative power in the Western Balkans. Journal of European Public Policy, 16, 1065-2084. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760903226872
Search via ReFindit
Official Gazette of Republic of Kosovo. (2018). Law on critical infrastructure. Priština.
Search via ReFindit
Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia. (2018). Law on critical infrastructure. Beograd.
Search via ReFindit
Official Gazette of Republika Srpska. (2019). Law on Critical Infrastructure Security in the Republika Srpska. Banjaluka.
Search via ReFindit
Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia. (2013). Law on critical infrastructures. Zagreb.
Search via ReFindit
Official Gazzete of Montenegro. (2019). Law on Designation and Protection of Critical Infrastructure. Podgorica.
Search via ReFindit
Petrakos, N., Kotzanikolaou, P. (2019). Methodologies and Strategies for Critical Infrastructure Protection. In Critical Infrastrucutre Security and Resilience edited by Dimitris Gritzalis, Marianthi Theocharidou, and George Stergiopoulos:17-35. Springer.
Search via ReFindit
Petrovic, M. (2022). Towards gradual integration of the Western Balkans into the European Union: the case of Serbia. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(1), 308-321. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2281308p
Search via ReFindit
Poustorli, A., Ward, D., Zacharaiadis, A., Schimmer, M. (2015). An Overview of European Union and United States Critical Infrastructure Protection Policies. Paper presented at conference organized by Kocaeli University İzmit, October. Kocaeli, Turkey.
Search via ReFindit
Poustourli, A. (2016). Α Concise Survey of Security Standards and Certification Services. 13th Internatioanl Conference "Standardization, Protypes and Quality: a Means of Balkan Countries' Collaboration", Brasov, Romania, November 3 - 4, 2016.
Search via ReFindit
Rehak, D., Markuci, J., Hromada, M., Barcova, K. (2016). Quantitative evaluation of the synergistic effects. International Journal for Critical Infrastructure Protection, 14, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.06.002
Search via ReFindit
Rehak, D., Senovsky, P., Hromada, M., Lovecek, T. (2019). Complex approach to assessing resilience of critical infrastructure elements. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 25, 125-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2019.03.003
Search via ReFindit
Shumilo, O., Lytvyn, I., Shablystyi, V., Kornyakova, T., Popovich, I. (2021). Legal mechanism to ensure national security in the field of use of natural resources. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(3), 455-470. http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2021.8.3(29)
Search via ReFindit
Sikimić, M., Gnjatović, D. (2021). European security framework and critical infrastructure protection in the Republic of Srpska. Security, Police, Citizens, 16 (1-2): 95-112. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351660452_EUROPEAN_SECURITY_FRAMEWORK_AND_CRITICAL_INFRASTRUCTURE_PROTECTION_IN_THE_REPUBLIC_OF_SRPSKA
Search via ReFindit
Skara, G., Hajdini, B. (2021). Enforcement of the European Union law before the Albanian Constitutional Court and the High Court. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 7(3), 229-249. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2137229s
Search via ReFindit
Stergiopoulosa, G., Kotzanikolaou, P., Theocharidou, M., Lykou, G., Gritzalis, D. (2016). Time-based critical infrastructure dependency analysis for large-scale and cross-sectoral failures. International Journal for Critical Infrastructure Protection, 12, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2015.12.002
Search via ReFindit
Trbojević, M. (2018). Zaštita kritičnih infrastruktura - iskustva tranzicionih zemalja. Politička revija, 2, 99-118. https://doi.org/10.22182/pr.5622018.5
Search via ReFindit
RSS 1.0