Received: 2026-05-15  |  Accepted: 2026-09-11  |  Published: 2026-09-30

Title

Digital learning as a transformative force in higher education institutions in Eastern Cape, South Africa


Abstract

This paper examined the transformative role of digital learning in the Eastern Cape. The advent of digital learning has emerged as a transformative force in higher education institutions, reshaping pedagogical approaches and enhancing student engagement. The paper adopted a qualitative, interpretive stance to capture lived experiences, meanings, and context-specific understandings of digital learning as a transformative force in Eastern Cape higher education institutions. A qualitative stance was aligned with the emphasis on depth of understanding, pedagogical change, and student and staff experiences rather than purely measurable outcomes. A multisite instrumental case study design was appropriate for illuminating how digital learning functions as a transformative force across diverse Eastern Cape higher education institutions. The population for this paper included students, academics, and administrative staff involved with digital learning across selected Eastern Cape higher education institutions. Purposive sampling was used to select participants to capture diverse perspectives on transformation. The sampling strategy was guided by data saturation, with a focus on in-depth semi-structured interviews for students and staff, complemented by document analysis and observations. Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse, and report patterns across datasets. Findings suggest that while digital learning can enhance accessibility and flexibility, significant disparities in access to technology and digital literacy persist, exacerbating existing inequalities. The findings of the paper were context-specific to Eastern Cape higher education institutions and may not generalise beyond similar settings. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving digital learning infrastructure and strategies for future research.


Keywords

Digital learning, Transformation, Changing education system, higher education, Pedagogy


JEL classifications

I23 , O33


URI

http://jssidoi.org/ird/article/283


DOI


Pages

279-291


Funding


This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Authors

Mpahla, Ntando Elliot
Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa https://www.wsu.ac.za
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Journal title

Insights into Regional Development

Volume

8


Number

3


Issue date

September 2026


Issue DOI


ISSN

ISSN 2345-0282 (online)


Publisher

VšĮ Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cited

Google Scholar

Article views & downloads

HTML views: 125  |  PDF downloads: 95

References


-Mangosuthu, L. L. L., & Bayaga, A. (2025). University Managers’ Insights into Collaborative Networks and the Adoption of Digital Technologies for Human-Centric Teaching and Learning Models https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7100705/v1

Search via ReFindit


9045/2024/v13i1a3 Mudau, T. S., Tshivhase, L., & Randa, M. B. (2022). Health Course Lecturers Managing Online Teaching in a Historically Disadvantaged University in South Africa: The Raging Waves. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 5(1), 195–210. https:/doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2022.14 Ngqulu, N., & Nomnga, P. (2023). Covid-19 pandemic: A necessary catalyst for e-learning adoption and application. South African Computer Journal, 35(1) https://doi.org/10.18489/sacj.v35i1.1080

Search via ReFindit


Adeyemo, K. S. (2023). The status of digital innovation and data security in South African Higher Education. South African Journal of Higher Education, 37(2) https://doi.org/10.20853/37-2-5001

Search via ReFindit


Ajani, O. A. (2023). Challenges mitigating against effective adoption and usage of e-learning in curriculum delivery in south african universities. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, (2(38)) https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30062023/8005

Search via ReFindit


Badaru, K. A., & Adu, E. O. (2022). Prospects of Blended Learning for the Post-COVID-19 Higher Education: The Instructors’ Perspectives at a University in South Africa. E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences, 126–139 https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2022sp31111

Search via ReFindit


Becker, A. (2020). A reflective analysis of articles published in the journal of Transformation in Higher Education (2016–2020): Beyond transformation? Transformation in Higher Education, 5 https://doi.org/10.4102/the.v5i0.98

Search via ReFindit


Bere, A., Deng, H., & Tay, R. (2018). Assessing the impact of using instant messaging in eLearning on the performance of teaching and learning in higher education https://doi.org/10.5130/acis2018.by

Search via ReFindit


Birdthistle, I., Mulwa, S., Sarrassat, S., Baker, V., Khanyile, D., O’Donnell, D., Cawood, C., & Cousens, S. (2022). Effects of a multimedia campaign on HIV self-testing and PrEP outcomes among young people in South Africa: a mixed-methods impact evaluation of ‘MTV Shuga Down South.’ BMJ Global Health, 7(4), e007641 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007641

Search via ReFindit


Chirowamhangu, R. (2024). Inclusive education pandemic: Learning barriers for children with disabilities in South Africa. African Journal of Disability, 13 https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v13i0.1462

Search via ReFindit


Elly, E., Ismail, I., & Sofyan, H. (2024). Strategies for Improving Education Quality via New Student Admission Management. J. Educ. Manag. Learn., 2(2), 91–99 https://doi.org/10.60084/jeml.v2i2.178

Search via ReFindit


Fataar, A., & Norodien-Fataar, N. (2021). Towards an e-learning ecologies approach to pedagogy in a post-COVID world. Journal of Education, (84), 1–14 https://doi.org/10.17159/2520-9868/i84a08

Search via ReFindit


Fourar, H., Bouchetara, M., Belaidi, A., & Azizi, Y. M. (2024). Effects of Organisational Change Caused by The Covid-19 Pandemic Case Study: Logitrans. Economics and Business, 38, 1–22 https://doi.org/10.7250/eb-2024-0001

Search via ReFindit


Garton, P., Wawrzynski, M. R., Lemon, J. D., & Naik, S. (2022). Relational Student Engagement in Co-curricular Spaces: Evidence from a South African University. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa https://doi.org/10.24085/jsaa.v10i1.2193

Search via ReFindit


Gkrimpizi, T., Peristeras, V., & Magnisalis, I. (2023). Classification of Barriers to Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: Systematic Literature Review. Education Sciences, 13(7), 746 https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070746

Search via ReFindit


Jakoet‐Salie, A., & Ramalobe, K. (2022). The digitalisation of learning and teaching practices in higher education institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Teaching Public Administration, 41(1), 59–71 https://doi.org/10.1177/01447394221092275

Search via ReFindit


Jowi, J. O. (2024). Recent developments in higher education in Africa: partnerships for knowledge transformations. Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 26(1), 34–48 https://doi.org/10.1108/jice-11-2023-0037

Search via ReFindit


Maimela, C., & Mbonde, P. (2025). Artificial intelligence in South African universities: curriculum transformation and decolonisation—aid or obstacle? Frontiers in Sociology, 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1543471

Search via ReFindit


Majanja, M. K. M. (2020). The status of electronic teaching within South African LIS Education. Library Management, 41(6/7), 317–337 https://doi.org/10.1108/lm-05-2020-0084

Search via ReFindit


Mashau, P., & Nyawo, J. C. (2021). The use of an online learning platform: a step towards e-learning. South African Journal of Higher Education, 35(2) https://doi.org/10.20853/35-2-3985

Search via ReFindit


Masinde, M., & Soux, P. (2020). Transforming South Africa’s universities of technology: a roadmap through 4ir lenses. Journal of Construction Project Management and Innovation, 10(2) https://doi.org/10.36615/jcpmi.v10i2.405

Search via ReFindit


Matabane, B. R., & Matabane, M. E. (2021). Black Students’ Experiences of Academic Support Programs during First Year at University: Case of Extended Studies. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 6(3), 93–108 https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2021.28

Search via ReFindit


Mdodana-Zide, L. (2023). Teacher’s Pedagogical Strategies in Under-Resourced Rural Schools in South Africa. E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences, 20–31 https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20234123

Search via ReFindit


Mhlanga, D., & Moloi, T. (2020). COVID-19 and the Digital Transformation of Education: What Are We Learning on 4IR in South Africa? Education Sciences, 10(7), 180 https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070180

Search via ReFindit


Mhlanga, D., Denhere, V., & Moloi, T. (2022). COVID-19 and the Key Digital Transformation Lessons for Higher Education Institutions in South Africa. Education Sciences, 12(7), 464 https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12070464

Search via ReFindit


Moonsamy, M., Nkomo, S., & Matli, W. (2022). New Education Technologies in Higher Education: E Leadership Perspectives on South African Student Learning During and Post-Covid Reality. 2018 International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research, 2022, 241–252 https://doi.org/10.26803/myres.2022.20

Search via ReFindit


Morales, V. J. G., Garrido‐Moreno, A., & Martín‐Rojas, R. (2021). The Transformation of Higher Education After the COVID Disruption: Emerging Challenges in an Online Learning Scenario. Frontiers in Psychology, 12 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616059

Search via ReFindit


Moyo, R., Ngidi, S. A., Koai, M., & Lemeko, P. (2022). Online Teaching and Learning Experiences of Higher Education Lecturers and Students in the COVID-19 Era: A Leap to Digital Pedagogies? Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 5(1), 23–42 https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2022.4

Search via ReFindit


Mpongwana, Z., & Cishe, E. N. (2024). Evidence of Factors Hindering Establishment of Viable Rural Development Action in Eastern Cape Municipalities. African Journal of Governance and Development (Ajgd), 13(1), 34–50 https://doi.org/10.36369/2616-

Search via ReFindit


Nqoma, L., Mpiti, T., Makena, B., Ginyigazi, Z., & Qoyi, M. (2024). Stretching the Boundaries of Transformative Learning to Selected Rural Schools of Eastern Cape in South Africa https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113918

Search via ReFindit


Ntlabathi, S., & Mashiyi, N. (2022). Exploring Hybrid Course Design in Promoting Active Engagement in extended curriculum and mainstream contexts. European Conference on E-Learning, 21(1), 310–322 https://doi.org/10.34190/ecel.21.1.911

Search via ReFindit


Oke, A., & Fernandes, F. A. P. (2020). Innovations in Teaching and Learning: Exploring the Perceptions of the Education Sector on the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR). Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity, 6(2), 31 https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020031

Search via ReFindit


Omarsaib, M. (2024). Integrating a digital pedagogy approach into online teaching: are academic librarians at Universities of Technology in South Africa prepared? Information and Learning Sciences, 126(3/4), 192–213 https://doi.org/10.1108/ils-01-2024-0012

Search via ReFindit


Patil, K. D., & Patil, V. (2022). The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Digital Teaching and Learning Process in Indian Higher Education Institutions https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-vkr3w

Search via ReFindit


Polin, K., Yiğitcanlar, T., Limb, M., & Washington, T. L. (2023). The Making of Smart Campus: A Review and Conceptual Framework. Buildings, 13(4), 891 https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040891

Search via ReFindit


Rof, A., Bikfalvi, A., & Marquès, P. (2020). Digital Transformation for Business Model Innovation in Higher Education: Overcoming the Tensions. Sustainability, 12(12), 4980 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124980

Search via ReFindit


Saib, M. O., Rajkoomar, M., Naicker, N., & Olugbara, C. T. (2022). Digital pedagogies for librarians in higher education: a systematic review of the literature. Information Discovery and Delivery, 51(1), 13–25 https://doi.org/10.1108/idd-06-2021-0066

Search via ReFindit


Selekez, Z. (2024). Chronicling Information Communication Technology into Teaching and Learning in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Metacognition in Learning - New Perspectives https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113790

Search via ReFindit


Shava, E. (2022). Reinforcing the Role of ICT in Enhancing Teaching and Learning Post-COVID-19 in Tertiary Institutions in South Africa. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 5(1), 78–91 https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2022.7

Search via ReFindit


Singaram, S., Mayer, C., & Oosthuizen, R. M. (2023). Leading higher education into the fourth industrial revolution: an empirical investigation. Frontiers in Psychology, 14 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1242835

Search via ReFindit


Sinnige, A., Kittelson, A. J., Rutgers, K. M., Marcellis, L. H. M., Wees, P. J. van der, Teijink, J. A. W., & Hoogeboom, T. J. (2023). Nationwide implementation of personalised outcomes forecasts to support physical therapists in treating patients with intermittent claudication: Protocol for an interrupted time series study. Plos One, 18(7), e0288511 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288511

Search via ReFindit


Turner, I. (2023). Decolonisation through Digitalisation? African Languages at South African Universities. Curriculum Perspectives, 43(S1), 73–82 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-023-00196-w

Search via ReFindit


Ugwuanyi, C. S., Okeke, C., & Alex, J. K. (2023). Exploring South African university academics’ level of preparedness for emergency multimodal remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspectives in Education, 41(2), 77–88 https://doi.org/10.38140/pie.v41i2.6272

Search via ReFindit


Watson, S., & Struwig, M. (2024). Re-Imagining Teaching and Learning at South African Higher Education Institutions in the Digital Landscape. ICER, 1(1), 313–321 https://doi.org/10.34190/icer.1.1.3145

Search via ReFindit


Woldegiorgis, E. T. (2022). Mitigating the digital divide in the South African higher education system in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. Perspectives in Education, 40(3), 197–211 https://doi.org/10.18820/2519593x/pie.v40.i3.13

Search via ReFindit