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Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues Open access
Journal Impact FactorTM (2025) 1.5 Q3
Journal Citation IndicatorTM (2025) 0.25 Q4
Received: 2026-03-25  |  Accepted: 2026-07-10  |  Published: 2026-09-30

Title

Conceptual framework for human resource management (HRM) at energy enterprises during green transformation


Abstract

The green transformation of energy enterprises has become a critical component of global sustainability transitions, requiring organizations to adapt not only technologically but also strategically, institutionally, and socially. While existing research has extensively examined technological, economic, and regulatory aspects of energy transition, the role of human resource management (HRM) remains fragmented across multiple theoretical traditions. The aim of this article is to develop an integrated conceptual framework for HRM at energy enterprises during green transformation. The study employs a conceptual research design based on a systematic review and synthesis of scientific literature in the fields of institutional theory, socio-technical transition studies, strategic management, organizational capabilities, and Sustainable and Green Human Resource Management (HRM). The analysis demonstrates that green transformation should be understood as a multidimensional and context-dependent process shaped by the interaction of external sustainability-related pressures, organizational adaptation mechanisms, and workforce-related transformation processes. The findings suggest that HRM functions not merely as an administrative support activity but as a strategic organizational capability that enables workforce transformation, organizational learning, employee engagement, sustainability-oriented leadership, and the development of green competencies. Based on the cross-paradigm synthesis, an integrated conceptual framework is proposed that explains how external institutional and socio-technical drivers influence transformation outcomes through organizational mediators and HRM mechanisms. The framework provides a theoretical foundation for future empirical research and practical analysis of HRM contributions to sustainability-oriented transformation in the energy sector.


Keywords

Human Resource Management (HRM), energy enterprises, green transformation, HRM contributions, conceptual framework


JEL classifications

M12 , M14 , Q56 , L94 , O33


URI

http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/6679


DOI


Pages

199-222


Funding

The article has been developed and funded within the Daugavpils University’s (Latvia) research project No 14-95/2026/16 “Human Resource Management in Cultural Diversity: Organizational Challenges and Strategies”.

This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Authors

Wang, Lizhi
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
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Iliško, Dzintra
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
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Kudiņš, Jānis
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
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Kokarēviča, Anita
Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia https://www.rsu.lv
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Ostrovska, Inta
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
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Čižo, Edmunds
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
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Journal title

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

Volume

14


Number

1


Issue date

September 2026


Issue DOI


ISSN

ISSN 2345-0282 (online)


Publisher

VšĮ Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cited

Google Scholar

Article views & downloads

HTML views: 321  |  PDF downloads: 233

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Funding: The article has been developed and funded within the Daugavpils University’s (Latvia) research project No 14-95/2026/16 “Human Resource Management in Cultural Diversity: Organizational Challenges and Strategies”. /jesi/article/6679

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