Received:
2026-05-11 | Accepted:
2026-07-10 | Published:
2026-09-30
Title
Exploring the connection between entrepreneurial orientation and export performance: the role of innovation capabilities
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capabilities and export performance in the context of the transport sector. In addition, it aims to analyse the mediating effect of innovation capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. This exploratory and transversal study takes a quantitative methodological approach based on survey data from 246 top managers of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the transport sector, specifically those involved in road, sea, and air freight operations. The findings confirm the existence of significant direct relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capabilities, innovation capabilities and export performance, and entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. The mediating effect of innovation capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and export performance was also supported. This study emphasises the vital connection between entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capabilities, confirming entrepreneurial orientation as a core strategic driver of innovation within firms. Innovation capabilities mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and export performance, indicating that strategic intent must be translated into concrete innovation competencies to achieve export success. The findings also substantiate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on export performance, aligning with theories that link entrepreneurial strategies to international growth. The study provides practical insights for transport sector managers, highlighting the importance of cultivating innovation capabilities alongside entrepreneurial practices to improve export outcomes and sustain competitiveness in global markets. This study focuses on the transport sector, a relatively underexplored industry in the study of entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capabilities, and export performance. Additionally, it investigates and confirms the mediating effect of innovation capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. This research contributes to existing research, as previous studies focused primarily on direct relationships rather than exploring mediating mechanisms. By focusing on Portuguese SMEs in the transport sector, the study provides empirical evidence from a regional and sectoral perspective. This localised focus enhances understanding of how entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capabilities drive performance in a specific economic and cultural environment.
Keywords
Entrepreneurial Orientation, innovation capabilities, export performance, transport sector, PLS-SEM
JEL classifications
L26
, O31
, F14
URI
http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/6678
DOI
Pages
180-198
Funding
This work is financed by Portuguese national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the project UIDB/05422/2020. It also receives partial support from the National University of Distance Education (UNED) and National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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