Received:
2024-05-12 | Accepted:
2024-08-30 | Published:
2024-09-30
Title
Development of start-up ecosystems in selected countries with a focus on the cases
Abstract
A study of start-up ecosystems in Latvia and Georgia provides unique insight into the development of innovations in different cultural and economic contexts. The present article aims to analyse how start-ups adapt and thrive, using case studies of three start-ups from each country. The research is based on a case study approach, which allows for a deep and multidimensional analysis of specific start-ups in Georgia and Latvia. Criteria such as innovativeness, impact on local ecosystems, and scaling potential were used to select start-ups. Various data sources were used, including interviews with founders, document analysis, and observations. Data analysis used qualitative methods, including thematic analysis, to identify key themes and relationships. The stated approach made it possible to consider each country's contextual factors and draw informed conclusions about how environmental factors influence the development and sustainability of start-ups. The results identified the main challenges the start-ups face and the opportunities they can exploit for their growth and development. Particular attention is paid to the impact of political stability, availability of funding, and the level of support from public and private entities. The study results may help develop policies to support start-ups and international investors interested in investing in new markets.
Keywords
start-up ecosystems, cases
JEL classifications
L26
, J24
, M13
, I21
URI
http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/1240
DOI
Pages
411-429
Funding
The given research was funded by Daugavpils University, Latvia
This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
References
Abdelkafi, N., & Tauscher, K., 2016. Business models for sustainability from a system dynamics perspective. Organ. Environ., 29, 74e96. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026615592930
Search via ReFindit
Adner, R. 2017. Ecosystem as Structure: An Actionable Construct for Strategy. Journal of Management, 43(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451
Search via ReFindit
Arora, M., & Dhiman, V. 2024. Strategising the entrepreneurial ecosystem of start-ups for rebuilding communities. Strategic Tourism Planning for Communities: Restructuring and Rebranding, pp. 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83549-015-020241019
Search via ReFindit
Audretsch, D., Mason, C., Miles, M.P., & O’Connor, A. 2018. The dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(3-4), 471-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1436035
Search via ReFindit
Ávila-Robinson, A., Islam, N., & Sengoku, S. 2022. Exploring the knowledge base of innovation research: Towards an emerging innovation model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121804
Search via ReFindit
Bărbulescu, O., Tecău, A.S., Munteanu, D., & Constantin, C.P. 2021. Innovation of start-ups, the key to unlocking post-crisis sustainable growth in Romanian entrepreneurial ecosystem. Sustainability, 13(2), 671, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020671
Search via ReFindit
Bouncken, R.B., Kraus, S., & Roig-Tierno, N. 2021. Knowledge- and innovation-based business models for future growth: digitalised business models and portfolio considerations. Review of Managerial Science, 15(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00366-z
Search via ReFindit
Cockayne, D. 2019. What is a start-up firm? A methodological and epistemological investigation into research objects in economic geography. Geoforum, 107, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.009
Search via ReFindit
Corvello, V., Felicetti, A.M., Steiber, A., & Alänge, S. 2023. Start-up collaboration units as knowledge brokers in Corporate Innovation Ecosystems: A study in the automotive industry. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 8(1), 100303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100303
Search via ReFindit
Dienas bizness. 2020. Printify atklāj jauno biroju. https://www.db.lv/zinas/anastasija-oleinika-klus-par-printify-izpilddirektori-511435
Search via ReFindit
EDF. 2013. Smart Specialisation – Qualitative Analysis. http://www.arengufond.ee
Search via ReFindit
Eisenhardt, K., & Graebner, E. 2007. Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24160888
Search via ReFindit
ENG.LSM.lv. 2021. Printify secures substantial investment. https://eng.lsm.lv/article/economy/business/printify-secures-substantial-investment.a420093/
Search via ReFindit
European Commission. 2017. European Innovation Scoreboard 2017. Brussels: European Commission. URL: http://www.eustat.eus/elementos/ele0014400/Methodology_Report_EIS_2017/inf0014422_c.pdf
Search via ReFindit
Ferreira, J. J., C Fernandes, A. J., & Ramírez-Pasillas, M. (2024). Start-ups and entrepreneurial ecosystems in the circular economy: A multi-level approach for safe and just planetary boundaries. International Small Business Journal, 42(4), 416-445. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426231210765
Search via ReFindit
Forbes, 2017. Optio-Ai Georgian Finance Chatbot. https://forbes.ge/optio-ai-georgian-finance-chatbot/
Search via ReFindit
Forbes, 2024. Forbes переоцінив статки співзасновників Grammarly. Частки співзасновників Шевченка та Литвина знову подешевшали. https://forbes.ua/news/forbes-pereotsiniv-statki-spivzasnovnikiv-grammarly-chastki-spivzasnovnikiv-shevchenka-ta-litvina-znovu-podeshevshali-29022024-19546
Search via ReFindit
Freedomhouse (2017) Freedom on the Net. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2017/estonia
Search via ReFindit
Geissdoerfer, M., Vladimirova, D., & Evans, S. 2018. Sustainable business model innovation: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.240
Search via ReFindit
Ghezzi, A. 2019. Digital start-ups and the adoption and implementation of Lean Start-up Approaches: Effectuation, Bricolage and Opportunity Creation in practice. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146(C), 945-960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.017
Search via ReFindit
Global Innovation Index. 2023. https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-innovation-index-2023
Search via ReFindit
Grammarly. 2024. Responsible AI that ensures your writing and reputation shine. https://www.grammarly.com/
Search via ReFindit
IR. 2021. "Printify" vadītājs: Mūsu vīzija ir pievērst pasauli ražošanai pēc pieprasījuma. https://ir.lv/2021/09/09/printify-vaditajs-musu-vizija-ir-pieverst-pasauli-razosanai-pec-pieprasijuma/
Search via ReFindit
Lee, I., & Shin, Y.J. 2018. Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges. Business Horizons, 61(1), 35-46. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003
Search via ReFindit
Leong, Carmen & Tan, Barney & Xiao, Xiao & Tan, Felix Ter Chian & Sun, Yuan. 2017. Nurturing a FinTech ecosystem: The case of a youth microloan start-up in China. International Journal of Information Management, 37(2), 92-97. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.11.006
Search via ReFindit
LIAA. 2020. Gada laikā aug trīskārt. URL: https://labsoflatvia.com/iedvesmas-stasti/printify-aug-triskart
Search via ReFindit
LIAA. 2021. Latvija – jaunuzņēmējiem draudzīgākā valsts Eiropā. https://labsoflatvia.com/aktuali/jaunuznemejiem-draudzigaka-valsts-eiropa
Search via ReFindit
Management Today. 2022. Inside Latvia's first unicorn. https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/inside-latvias-first-unicorn/smes/article/1791185
Search via ReFindit
Mason C., & Brown R. 2014. Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship. LEED Working Paper. Paris: OECD. Режим доступа: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/Entrepreneurial-ecosystems.pdf
Search via ReFindit
MKS GUIDE. 2023. Grammarly Statistics (2023) – Key Stats and Figures. https://www.mksguide.com/grammarly-user-and-company-stats/
Search via ReFindit
Motoyama, Y., & Knowlton, K. 2016. Examining the Connections within the Start-up Ecosystem: A Case Study of St. Louis. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2016-0011
Search via ReFindit
PAYSPACE, 2022. Artificial intelligence and unique functions: How Ukrainian start-up Grammarly became a unicorn without investment. URL: https://psm7.com/uk/technology/shtuchnij-intelekt-ta-unikalni-funkci%D1%97-yak-ukra%D1%97nskij-startap-grammarly-bez-investicij-stav-yedinorogom.html
Search via ReFindit
Perdomo-Charry, G., Clegg, S., & Schweitzer, J. (2023). Do start-up ecosystems foster start-up performance? The moderating role of network learning capability. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503231169889
Search via ReFindit
ProQuest. 2019. Latvia's Printify start-up raises EUR 2.7 million for further growth. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2222555413?sourcetype=Newspapers
Search via ReFindit
Skawińska, E., & Zalewski, R. 2020. Success factors of start-ups in the EU-a comparative study. Sustainability, 12(19), . 8200. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198200
Search via ReFindit
Start-up Blink. 2024. Global Start-up Ecosystem Index 2024. https://www.startupblink.com/startupecosystemreport
Search via ReFindit
Start-ups. 2018. Printify, a new marketplace for custom printing, raises $1 million see. URL: https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/07/printify-a-new-marketplace-for-custom-printing-raises-1-million-seed/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJDy8PhrqWQvNEmxn66hYlE-xt3DBRvyFabjIfeT_rDHzmnxAxvNMVdAWGYVBoa25ym
Search via ReFindit
TADVISER. 2024. BlackRock. https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F:BlackRock
Search via ReFindit
TADVISER. 2024. Start-up. https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B#.D0.A1.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BF.D1.8B_.D0.B2_.D0.95.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B5
Search via ReFindit
THE BUSINESS JOURNALS. 2019. Homegrown S.F. print-on-demand start-up looks to shift to the Baltic. https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2019/10/04/homegrown-s-f-print-on-demand-startup-looks-to.html
Search via ReFindit
UCLUSTER. 2020. Successful Ukrainian start-ups: An example of Grammarly — an online grammar check service. https://ucluster.org/blog/2020/10/grammarly-online-servis-perevirky-gramatiki/
Search via ReFindit
Valuer. 2022. Best Fintech Start-ups in Asia. https://www.valuer.ai/blog/best-fintech-startups-in-asia
Search via ReFindit
Venkataraman, S. (2004) Regional transformation through technical entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.04.001
Search via ReFindit
WEF. 2018. Global Competitiveness Report 2018. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-global-competitveness-report-2018/
Search via ReFindit
WIPO. 2023. Global Inovation Index 2023. https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-innovation-index-2023
Search via ReFindit
World Bank. 2017. World Development Report 2017. https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/sites/ppp.worldbank.org/files/2022-05/WDR_2017.pdf
Search via ReFindit
World Bank. 2020. Ease of Doing Business rankings https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings
Search via ReFindit
Zaidi, R., Khan, M., Khan, R., & Mujtaba B. 2023. Do entrepreneurship ecosystem and managerial skills contribute to start-up development? South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 12(1) http://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-07-2020-0233
Search via ReFindit