ESC

Clarivate

JCR Category: Business in ESCI edition

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues Open access
Journal Impact FactorTM (2025) 1.5 Q3
Journal Citation IndicatorTM (2025) 0.25 Q4
Received: 2024-05-12  |  Accepted: 2024-08-30  |  Published: 2024-09-30

Title

Development of start-up ecosystems in selected countries with a focus on the cases


Abstract

A study of start-up ecosystems in Latvia and Georgia provides unique insight into the development of innovations in different cultural and economic contexts. The present article aims to analyse how start-ups adapt and thrive, using case studies of three start-ups from each country. The research is based on a case study approach, which allows for a deep and multidimensional analysis of specific start-ups in Georgia and Latvia. Criteria such as innovativeness, impact on local ecosystems, and scaling potential were used to select start-ups. Various data sources were used, including interviews with founders, document analysis, and observations. Data analysis used qualitative methods, including thematic analysis, to identify key themes and relationships. The stated approach made it possible to consider each country's contextual factors and draw informed conclusions about how environmental factors influence the development and sustainability of start-ups. The results identified the main challenges the start-ups face and the opportunities they can exploit for their growth and development. Particular attention is paid to the impact of political stability, availability of funding, and the level of support from public and private entities. The study results may help develop policies to support start-ups and international investors interested in investing in new markets.


Keywords

start-up ecosystems, cases


JEL classifications

L26 , J24 , M13 , I21


URI

http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/1240


DOI


Pages

411-429


Funding

The given research was funded by Daugavpils University, Latvia

This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Authors

Menshikov, Vladimir
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Ruža, Oksana
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Simakhova, Anastasia
National University "Kyiv Aviation Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine https://nau.edu.ua
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Semeneca, Jelena
Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia https://du.lv
Articles by this author in: CrossRef |  Google Scholar

Journal title

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

Volume

12


Number

1


Issue date

September 2024


Issue DOI


ISSN

ISSN 2345-0282 (online)


Publisher

VšĮ Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cited

Google Scholar

Article views & downloads

HTML views: 2734  |  PDF downloads: 2044

References


Abdelkafi, N., & Tauscher, K., 2016. Business models for sustainability from a system dynamics perspective. Organ. Environ., 29, 74e96. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026615592930

Search via ReFindit


Adner, R. 2017. Ecosystem as Structure: An Actionable Construct for Strategy. Journal of Management, 43(1), 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451

Search via ReFindit


Arora, M., & Dhiman, V. 2024. Strategising the entrepreneurial ecosystem of start-ups for rebuilding communities. Strategic Tourism Planning for Communities: Restructuring and Rebranding, pp. 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83549-015-020241019

Search via ReFindit


Audretsch, D., Mason, C., Miles, M.P., & O’Connor, A. 2018. The dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(3-4), 471-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1436035

Search via ReFindit


Ávila-Robinson, A., Islam, N., & Sengoku, S. 2022. Exploring the knowledge base of innovation research: Towards an emerging innovation model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121804

Search via ReFindit


Bărbulescu, O., Tecău, A.S., Munteanu, D., & Constantin, C.P. 2021. Innovation of start-ups, the key to unlocking post-crisis sustainable growth in Romanian entrepreneurial ecosystem. Sustainability, 13(2), 671, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020671

Search via ReFindit


Bouncken, R.B., Kraus, S., & Roig-Tierno, N. 2021. Knowledge- and innovation-based business models for future growth: digitalised business models and portfolio considerations. Review of Managerial Science, 15(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00366-z

Search via ReFindit


Cockayne, D. 2019. What is a start-up firm? A methodological and epistemological investigation into research objects in economic geography. Geoforum, 107, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.009

Search via ReFindit


Corvello, V., Felicetti, A.M., Steiber, A., & Alänge, S. 2023. Start-up collaboration units as knowledge brokers in Corporate Innovation Ecosystems: A study in the automotive industry. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 8(1), 100303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100303

Search via ReFindit


Dienas bizness. 2020. Printify atklāj jauno biroju. https://www.db.lv/zinas/anastasija-oleinika-klus-par-printify-izpilddirektori-511435

Search via ReFindit


EDF. 2013. Smart Specialisation – Qualitative Analysis. http://www.arengufond.ee

Search via ReFindit


Eisenhardt, K., & Graebner, E. 2007. Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.24160888

Search via ReFindit


ENG.LSM.lv. 2021. Printify secures substantial investment. https://eng.lsm.lv/article/economy/business/printify-secures-substantial-investment.a420093/

Search via ReFindit


European Commission. 2017. European Innovation Scoreboard 2017. Brussels: European Commission. URL: http://www.eustat.eus/elementos/ele0014400/Methodology_Report_EIS_2017/inf0014422_c.pdf

Search via ReFindit


Ferreira, J. J., C Fernandes, A. J., & Ramírez-Pasillas, M. (2024). Start-ups and entrepreneurial ecosystems in the circular economy: A multi-level approach for safe and just planetary boundaries. International Small Business Journal, 42(4), 416-445. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426231210765

Search via ReFindit


Forbes, 2017. Optio-Ai Georgian Finance Chatbot. https://forbes.ge/optio-ai-georgian-finance-chatbot/

Search via ReFindit


Forbes, 2024. Forbes переоцінив статки співзасновників Grammarly. Частки співзасновників Шевченка та Литвина знову подешевшали. https://forbes.ua/news/forbes-pereotsiniv-statki-spivzasnovnikiv-grammarly-chastki-spivzasnovnikiv-shevchenka-ta-litvina-znovu-podeshevshali-29022024-19546

Search via ReFindit


Freedomhouse (2017) Freedom on the Net. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2017/estonia

Search via ReFindit


Geissdoerfer, M., Vladimirova, D., & Evans, S. 2018. Sustainable business model innovation: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.240

Search via ReFindit


Ghezzi, A. 2019. Digital start-ups and the adoption and implementation of Lean Start-up Approaches: Effectuation, Bricolage and Opportunity Creation in practice. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146(C), 945-960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.017

Search via ReFindit


Global Innovation Index. 2023. https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-innovation-index-2023

Search via ReFindit


Grammarly. 2024. Responsible AI that ensures your writing and reputation shine. https://www.grammarly.com/

Search via ReFindit


IR. 2021. "Printify" vadītājs: Mūsu vīzija ir pievērst pasauli ražošanai pēc pieprasījuma. https://ir.lv/2021/09/09/printify-vaditajs-musu-vizija-ir-pieverst-pasauli-razosanai-pec-pieprasijuma/

Search via ReFindit


Lee, I., & Shin, Y.J. 2018. Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges. Business Horizons, 61(1), 35-46. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003

Search via ReFindit


Leong, Carmen & Tan, Barney & Xiao, Xiao & Tan, Felix Ter Chian & Sun, Yuan. 2017. Nurturing a FinTech ecosystem: The case of a youth microloan start-up in China. International Journal of Information Management, 37(2), 92-97. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.11.006

Search via ReFindit


LIAA. 2020. Gada laikā aug trīskārt. URL: https://labsoflatvia.com/iedvesmas-stasti/printify-aug-triskart

Search via ReFindit


LIAA. 2021. Latvija – jaunuzņēmējiem draudzīgākā valsts Eiropā. https://labsoflatvia.com/aktuali/jaunuznemejiem-draudzigaka-valsts-eiropa

Search via ReFindit


Management Today. 2022. Inside Latvia's first unicorn. https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/inside-latvias-first-unicorn/smes/article/1791185

Search via ReFindit


Mason C., & Brown R. 2014. Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship. LEED Working Paper. Paris: OECD. Режим доступа: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/Entrepreneurial-ecosystems.pdf

Search via ReFindit


MKS GUIDE. 2023. Grammarly Statistics (2023) – Key Stats and Figures. https://www.mksguide.com/grammarly-user-and-company-stats/

Search via ReFindit


Motoyama, Y., & Knowlton, K. 2016. Examining the Connections within the Start-up Ecosystem: A Case Study of St. Louis. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2016-0011

Search via ReFindit


PAYSPACE, 2022. Artificial intelligence and unique functions: How Ukrainian start-up Grammarly became a unicorn without investment. URL: https://psm7.com/uk/technology/shtuchnij-intelekt-ta-unikalni-funkci%D1%97-yak-ukra%D1%97nskij-startap-grammarly-bez-investicij-stav-yedinorogom.html

Search via ReFindit


Perdomo-Charry, G., Clegg, S., & Schweitzer, J. (2023). Do start-up ecosystems foster start-up performance? The moderating role of network learning capability. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503231169889

Search via ReFindit


ProQuest. 2019. Latvia's Printify start-up raises EUR 2.7 million for further growth. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2222555413?sourcetype=Newspapers

Search via ReFindit


Skawińska, E., & Zalewski, R. 2020. Success factors of start-ups in the EU-a comparative study. Sustainability, 12(19), . 8200. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198200

Search via ReFindit


Start-up Blink. 2024. Global Start-up Ecosystem Index 2024. https://www.startupblink.com/startupecosystemreport

Search via ReFindit


Start-ups. 2018. Printify, a new marketplace for custom printing, raises $1 million see. URL: https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/07/printify-a-new-marketplace-for-custom-printing-raises-1-million-seed/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJDy8PhrqWQvNEmxn66hYlE-xt3DBRvyFabjIfeT_rDHzmnxAxvNMVdAWGYVBoa25ym

Search via ReFindit


TADVISER. 2024. BlackRock. https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F:BlackRock

Search via ReFindit


TADVISER. 2024. Start-up. https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B#.D0.A1.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BF.D1.8B_.D0.B2_.D0.95.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B5

Search via ReFindit


THE BUSINESS JOURNALS. 2019. Homegrown S.F. print-on-demand start-up looks to shift to the Baltic. https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2019/10/04/homegrown-s-f-print-on-demand-startup-looks-to.html

Search via ReFindit


UCLUSTER. 2020. Successful Ukrainian start-ups: An example of Grammarly — an online grammar check service. https://ucluster.org/blog/2020/10/grammarly-online-servis-perevirky-gramatiki/

Search via ReFindit


Valuer. 2022. Best Fintech Start-ups in Asia. https://www.valuer.ai/blog/best-fintech-startups-in-asia

Search via ReFindit


Venkataraman, S. (2004) Regional transformation through technical entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.04.001

Search via ReFindit


WEF. 2018. Global Competitiveness Report 2018. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-global-competitveness-report-2018/

Search via ReFindit


WIPO. 2023. Global Inovation Index 2023. https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-innovation-index-2023

Search via ReFindit


World Bank. 2017. World Development Report 2017. https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/sites/ppp.worldbank.org/files/2022-05/WDR_2017.pdf

Search via ReFindit


World Bank. 2020. Ease of Doing Business rankings https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings

Search via ReFindit


Zaidi, R., Khan, M., Khan, R., & Mujtaba B. 2023. Do entrepreneurship ecosystem and managerial skills contribute to start-up development? South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 12(1) http://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-07-2020-0233

Search via ReFindit