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Source: Journal Citation ReportsTM from ClarivateTM 2022

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues Open access
Journal Impact FactorTM (2022) 1.7
Journal Citation IndicatorTM (2022) 0.42
Received: 2021-02-18  |  Accepted: 2021-04-20  |  Published: 2021-06-30

Title

Understanding the nature of the economic game ultimatum through the prism of personality traits


Abstract

Ultimatum game belongs to the classical economic experiments, frequently used to study altruism and pro-social behavior. The objective of the research is to understand relations between the personality and the ultimatum game from the responder´s perspective. Participants (N=224, females 62%) filled the web-based questionnaires on Hexaco-PI and hypothetic minimal acceptable sum as respondents in the ultimatum game. Data was analyzed by means of the structural equation model and the binominal regression model, using the narrow traits as input variables. Interestingly, the most frequented value of minimal acceptable amount was a fair offer (50 % of the total sum). A fair offer was expected by 50 % of females and 42 % of males; what erodes the traditional thesis of economic rationality, according to which any offer higher than 0 should be accepted. Hence, people have natural tendency to expect and require a fair deal. Results from the logit model show that the minimal acceptable sum in the ultimatum game is predicted, firstly, by liveliness and sociability (wider trait extraversion) and secondly, by sentimentality and dependence (wider trait emotionality). In other words, tendency to expect and require fair offer manifests at optimistic and joyful people able to create strong emotional connections. Logit model´s results were reconfirmed by the structural equation models, where wider traits extraversion and emotionality were found statistically significant. Findings have interesting implications as regards the understanding of underlying psychological processes in the frame of altruistic decision-making.


Keywords

Ultimatum game, Hexaco-PI, personality, in-class experiment, altruistic behavior


JEL classifications

D64 , C92


URI

http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/840


DOI


Pages

571-583


Funding

This article is one of the partial outputs under the scientific research grant 042PU-4/2020 – KEGA - Implementation of innovative approaches and teaching materials in the educational process of future managers. This article is one of the partial outputs under the scientific research grant VEGA 1/0694/20 - Relational marketing research - the perception of e-commerce aspects and its impact on purchasing behaviour and consumer preferences and VEGA 1/0609/19 - Research on the development of electronic and mobile commerce in the aspect of the impact of modern technologies and mobile communication platforms on consumer behaviour and consumer preferences.

This is an open access issue and all published articles are licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Authors

Ziaran, Pavel
University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia http://www.unipo.sk
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Bačík, Radovan
University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia http://www.unipo.sk
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Gavurova, Beata
Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia http://www.tuke.sk
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Fedorko, Richard
University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia http://www.unipo.sk
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Journal title

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues

Volume

8


Number

4


Issue date

June 2021


Issue DOI


ISSN

ISSN 2345-0282 (online)


Publisher

VšĮ Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cited

Google Scholar

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References